Adolescent Drug Abuse And Alcohol - 1426 Words

1 RUNNING HEAD: Alcohol and Drug Abuse Adolescent Drug Abuse and Alcohol Nyria Madison Liberty University Coun 620 Abstract Around the world we are finding that most adolescent are experiencing drugs and alcohol. This has been a huge issue for years. This has become a trend in society as of today. This paper will discuss the perspective of adolescent alcohol and drugs. This paper will also identify and inform you on the common predictors of adolescent substance abuse. Substance abuse can lead to negative behavior such as problems at home and school, loss of friends, health issues, and lack of memory. This paper will focus on how peer, family characteristic, and individual and factors link with substance abuse in adolescents. It also will show a connection and variables linking to factors in at risk youth. It is a fact that most adolescent are influence by drugs and alcohol because of their peers, family and individual characteristic. Introduction Alcohol and drugs has increase and became a huge factor over the years among adolescents. Alcohol and other drug involvement and use among adolescents have been a society and public problem for decades (McWhirter, McWhirter, McWhirter McWhirter, 2013) Recent studies show that by late adolescence, 78.2% of US youth have consumed alcohol, while 47.1% had reached regular drinking levels, and 15.1% met lifetime abuse criteria (Tarter, 2002) This research areShow MoreRelatedAdolescent Drug And Alcohol Abuse Essay1895 Words   |  8 PagesOur society has numerous programs that are directed at preventing the use of drugs and alcohol in adolescents; however, very few of these programs are aimed at those who are already displaying the early stages of drug use problems. Teen Intervene is a program that does just that, and is aimed at people ages 12 to 19 who are suspected of experiencing mild to moderate problems associated with alcohol or other drug use. The major objective for this program is to reduce or if possible eliminate theirRead MoreThe Issue Of Adolescents With Abuse Drugs And Alcohol Are Doing Four Things : Exploring Their Pain2181 Words   |  9 PagesModule 2 Journal: The author of this book believes that adolescents who abuse drugs and alcohol are doing four things: exploring their pain, medicating their pain, revealing their pain, and getting treatment for their pain. For the teenager you followed in this reading, give your opinion on the ways in which he did each of the above. There are no right or wrong answers; just use your knowledge and experience to try to understand the motivations and mindsets of these troubled teens. ExploringRead MoreEssay on Adolescent Substance Abuse1656 Words   |  7 PagesHeader: Substance Abuse Adolescent Substance Abuse Dana Sweitzer Liberty University Abstract Adolescent substance abuse is a major problem in society. There are many risk factors that can contribute to adolescent substance abuse. One of the main risk factors is peer pressure. When adolescents start at a young age there is an increase in health problems, addiction, and over all poor social outcomes. Parental influence has substantial effect on adolescents because the adolescent sees their parentsRead MoreThe Psychological Effects Of Adolescent Substance Abuse1469 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent substance abuse is one of the largest issues faced by our society today. According to Teenrehab.com, nearly 50% of all high school seniors have abused some form of illicit substance and according to National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism nearly 70% of 18 year olds have at the least tried alcohol. Many more adolescents are trying, and getting addicted to, drugs every year. In my opinion this is one of the most critical issues that we have to address as a society. Summary Response:Read MoreThe Effects Of Substance Abuse Among Adolescents1296 Words   |  6 Pages Substance abuse has become a notable public health threat to today’s adolescents. Substance abuse is associated with an array of behavioral and psychological consequences that can jeopardize the future of the young people. Lifelong dependence is another possible consequence of drug abuse among adolescents. Ultimately, counselors are supposed to come up with effective programs to address addiction issues among the adolescents to prevent them from relying on drugs in future. Counselors rely onRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Addiction On Children1506 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction When an individual is struggling with drug addiction problems, the family is affected physically, mentally, and emotionally. The disease not only changes the addict’s whole life, but it changes the lives of their family members as parents get torn apart from themselves and each other. The role of each family member begins to shape around what is in the best interest of the addict. This research paper is an overview of the effects that raising a drug addicted child has on parent’s ability toRead MoreAdolescent Drug Abuse1306 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent Drug Abuse I.) Introduction: Crack, booze, pot, crystal- from the inner city to the suburbs to small towns, the world of the adolescent is permeated by drugs. When a little harmless experimentation becomes addiction, parents, teachers, and clinicians are often at a loss. For this age group (roughly ages 13 to 23), traditional substance abuse programs simply are not enough (Nowinski, inside cover). Today s society provides many challenges for adolescents that ourRead MoreWhat Does The Strength Perspective Can Be Beneficial? Adolescents?1285 Words   |  6 Pagesadolescents relate to the clinician that is working with them. This could be because strengths based is a positive perspective that is meant to encourage and teach the teens how to cope. Strengths based perspective is also known to help open up adolescent’s ability to talk with their parents and can also decrease negative behaviors. After the five week treatment was complete the adolescent where asked to talk about their experience and what they liked most about the strengths based perspectiveRead MoreSubstance Abuse Is Not A New Problem894 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance Abuse Drug abuse is not a new problem, it has been happening for the longest time, abusing drugs has always been an interesting topic to me because I have never been able to grasp the concept of why addicts start or continue when it is clearly obvious that it has negative effects on the human body. It is a popular conception of common sense, but is false. Drug abusers sometimes are not educated enough to know the damages or the addict truly believes they are not addicted. This topic sparksRead MoreSubstance Abuse967 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods neither approved nor supervised by medical professionals. Substance abuse/drug abuse is not limited to mood-altering or psycho-active drugs. If an activity is performed using the objects against the rules and policies of the matter (as in steroids for performance enhancement in sports), it is also called substance abuse. Therefore, mood-altering

What is Psychopathy Free Essays

Psychopathy is a problem for society as a whole, seeing that it could easily lead individuals that are suffering from this personality disorder to violent and criminal acts. The bases of psychopathy are known to be biological, sociological, and psychological. Whereas amygdala dysfunction is thought to be responsible for psychopathy, an individual’s frustration with his or her low socioeconomic status may also lead him or her to commit acts of crime revealing psychopathic features in the process. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Psychopathy? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Psychologists believe that low IQ may similarly be responsible for psychopathic behavior. Additionally, they have extensively studied personality traits, such as those on the Big Five personality dimensions, to understand psychopathic traits in particular. Apart from the above, this paper also discusses therapeutic interventions with respect to psychopathy. Introduction In children as well as adults, psychopathy is defined on the basis of three dimensions: (1) an â€Å"arrogant deceitful interpersonal style†¦including glibness or superficial charm, self-centeredness or a grandiose sense of self-worth, lying, conning, manipulation, and deceitfulness; (2) deficient affective experience†¦including low remorse, low guilt, a weak conscience, callousness, low empathy, shallow affect, and a failure to accept responsibility for actions (denials, excuses, etc. ; and (3) an impulsive or irresponsible behavioral style†¦including boredom, excitement-seeking, a lack of long-term goals, impulsiveness, failing to think before acting, and a parasitic lifestyle (debts, unsatisfactory work habits, etc. )† (Cooke Michie, 2001). No wonder, psychopathy is rigorously investigated with reference to criminal behavior. Psychologists are also very interested in learning about the roots of psychopathy in children. These studies are based on the premise that it is impossible to try to solve a problem without a thorough understanding of its roots. Psychopathy in Literature Blair (2001) explains that the roots of psychopathy may very well lie in amygdala dysfunction. The amygdala is related to the emotional response, in particular, the flight or fight response to threats. With impairment in this essential area of the human brain, the individual is unable to make appropriate emotional responses to threats. The emotional dysfunction in the person suffering from psychopathy is enough to serve as evidence that the parts of the brain connected with emotions are impaired in the case of those suffering from psychopathy (Blair). Moreover, Blair connects the conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder with psychopathy to describe that there are similarities between the problems. The author adds to our previous definition of psychopathy by stating that those that are suffering from this particular disorder reveal â€Å"emotional shallowness† in addition to antisocial behaviors that are often marked by aggression and taking of offence (Blair). Antisocial behavior is often related to the Intelligence Quotient as well as the socioeconomic status of the person that displays it. Thus, psychopathy may similarly be connected with the IQ and socioeconomic status of those that suffer from it. In particular, those who are less intelligent and who also suffer from lacks due to their present socioeconomic status, may express their emotional frustrations through antisocial behavior, thereby getting very close to the definition of psychopathy (Blair). Rutter (2005) argues that although antisocial behavior is not exactly the same as psychopathy, the importance of investigating the latter lies in the evidence that those that are classified as â€Å"psychopathic offenders† tend to begin their â€Å"criminal careers† at an early age. Besides, these individuals â€Å"are more likely to become persistent offenders than the criminals without psychopathy features† (Rutter). What is more, psychopathic offenders or criminals are often known to be violent and to resist therapeutic intervention. The author also mentions new instruments that have been developed to measure the traits of psychopathy in children as well as adults. These instruments include the â€Å"Antisocial Process Screening Device† (Rutter). Also according to Rutter, child psychiatrists and child psychologists have shown reluctance in diagnosing psychopathy in children and adolescents, based on the belief that the diagnosis might inevitably lead young individuals to bad outcomes in the days to come. On the other hand, it is thought that adults that are suffering from the personality disorder we understand as psychopathy, may have had the problem traits even in childhood. Hence, it is also believed to be easier to start therapeutic programs in childhood so as to help the young in avoiding bad outcomes in future (Rutter). Salekin Frick (2005) state that young individuals with psychopathic characteristics may be suffering from a particular set of cognitive as well as affective deficits. Knowledge of the â€Å"specific causal pathway† of psychopathy in children and adolescents could prove to be consequential in the design of â€Å"individualized interventions† for such youths (Salekin Frick). After all, the most important reason why psychologists would like to understand more about psychopathic traits in youths is that these traits help to â€Å"predict future antisocial, criminal, and violent behavior† (Salekin Frick). Psychologists are also aware that children with psychopathic traits exhibit the â€Å"highest rates of conduct problems, self-reported delinquency, and police contacts† (Salekin Frick). Salekin, Rogers, Machin (2001) conducted a study on youths with psychopathic traits. This research was conducted through a survey that was sent out to more than five hundred clinical psychologists, asking them to describe psychopathic traits in youths; gender differences between youths with psychopathic traits; and also the kinds of interventions that psychologists had used with such youths. The results of the study revealed that children with psychopathic features tend to share these features with adults that are also suffering from psychopathy. The mean age of the youngster with psychopathic traits is a little over fourteen years. The average youth with psychopathic features has an 8th grade level education. Moreover, there are more boys than girls showing psychopathic traits. Although the boys with psychopathic characteristics are more aggressive, and often violent; girls with psychopathic features tend to be less aggressive. Such girls reveal their psychopathic traits through antisocial behavior as well as hostility (Salekin, Rogers, Machin). The study further revealed the prevailing belief of clinical psychologists that it is quite difficult for them to treat psychopathy. Therapeutic interventions are also believed to work more effectively for youths as compared to adults. This is because the personality of children is often thought to be more fluid than the personality of adults. Hence, clinical psychologists reported that they had seen â€Å"moderate-to-marked gains† of psychotherapy in children and adolescents treated for psychopathy (Salekin, Rogers, Machin). Girls in general were seen to benefit more from psychotherapy than boys. Clinical psychologists found a marked reduction in violence, delinquency, in addition to verbal aggression, even after one year of psychotherapeutic treatment for children and adolescents suffering from psychopathy. Even so, the psychologists reported that antisocial behaviors are sometimes hidden in the natures of the youths and â€Å"outside the purview of psychotherapists† (Salekin, Rogers, Machin). Hence, this study called for further research to augment our understanding of psychotherapeutic treatment for youths with psychopathic features. Farrington (2005) points out that even though psychotherapeutic treatment for psychopathy should begin early, and should be extensive, there are various problems that make therapeutic intervention difficult. First, â€Å"psychopathy is extremely persistent throughout life,† and so, even though clinical psychologists have observed improvements in youths with psychopathic features after psychotherapy, the problem traits of such youths may not entirely go away (Farrington). Second, psychopathy is also believed to have a biological cause, i. e. amygdala dysfunction, and biological causes cannot be reversed through psychological interventions. Furthermore, psychopaths are manipulative individuals, and they are often able to lie to and deceive psychotherapists so as to become â€Å"treatment-resistant† (Farrington). Farrington also mentions the Big Five personality dimensions that psychologists have often used in an attempt to understand the problem traits of individuals suffering from psychopathy, before they can devise better therapeutic models to help them. The five personality dimensions are: â€Å"Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness† (Farrington). Out of these five dimensions, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism are most relevant to studies on psychopathy. The author describes how individuals with psychopathic characteristics are expected to fare on the Big Five personality dimensions: Agreeableness includes straightforwardness (with deceitfulness at the negative end), altruism (v. exploitativeness), modesty (v. arrogance), and tendermindedness (v. callousness). Conscientiousness includes dutifulness (with poor dependability at the negative end), achievement striving (v. aimlessness), self-discipline (v. hedonism), and deliberation (v. arelessness). Neuroticism includes impulsiveness and angry hostility, although it also includes self-consciousness (with glibness and shamelessness at the negative end) and vulnerability (with fearlessness at the negative end). Conclusion Indeed, with better understanding of the personality traits of individuals suffering from psychopathy – a problem with biological, sociolo gical, and psychological roots – psychologists are in a better position to help them. Yet, it is bad news for psychotherapists that psychopathy may have a biological cause that they would not be able to work their way around. Moreover, psychopaths are often able to escape treatment by conning and lying during psychotherapeutic interventions. Nevertheless, even the knowledge that psychopaths are able to do this is essential in devising new treatments for them. Our literature review has revealed the importance of understanding psychopathy especially in children and adolescents. Psychologists believe that early intervention is crucial in psychopathy, and youths that are suffering from this personality disorder should be treated extensively. This is because personalities are understood to be more fluid in youth. By helping children and adolescents to change their problem traits, psychologists may be able to save them from negative outcomes in the future. All the same, psychologists have reported that the problem traits of children and adolescents with psychopathic features may never entirely go away. Children and adolescents with psychopathic traits may easily turn out to be criminals in = future. Hence, it is even more important to understand the problem of psychopathy now before better treatments may be developed for the problem in question. How to cite What is Psychopathy?, Papers

Emerging Logistics and Retail Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Emerging Logistics and Retail Management. Answer: Introduction: Wal-Mart Inc, founded in the year 1962 by Sam Walton, is an American Multinational retail corporation which conducts its business through a web of grocery stores, hypermarkets and discounted departmental stores (Walmart.com. 2018). According to the Forbes Magazine (2016), Wal-Mart is the largest company in the world in terms of annual revenue (Forbes.com 2018). The annual revenue of the company for the year 2016 was $480 (Forbes.com. 2018). It is also one of the largest private employers of the world, employing more than 2.3 million people from diverse parts of the world (Walmart.com. 2018). The major part of operation of the company is based in the United States of America however the company has its branches and franchise stores in various diverse parts of the world as well. It is to be noted that the commercial rivalry between the retail giants Wal-Mart and Kmart began in 1962, the year of foundation of both the companies. However, in the thirty year following the foundation of Wal-Mart and the death of its founder, Walton had already made Wal-Mart the retail giant of the United States (Walmart.com. 2018). The strategies used by Walton were way head of his time and some of them even revolutionized the retail trade in the United States of America (Fernie and Sparks 2014). Some of the strategies used by Walton to capture the domestic market of the United States of America and also to out-rival his competitors like Kmart and others are discounted pricing, providing the facilities of low prices always on several brands commonly used by the American people, providing regular as well as periodical sales to the customers wherein they can buy goods and services at very attractive prices and others (Walmart.com. 2018). In addition to this, the cheerleading manag ement style adopted by Walton was lead to the rapid growth as well as the development of the company (Walmart.com. 2018). The advanced as well as innovative technology used by the company like its sophisticated, companywide point-of-sale and satellite-communications systems, and in service, symbolized by the greeters stationed at the front doors of its stores also contributed to the rise of the company as the premier company of America (Barney 2012). Another competitive which Wal-Mart had over Kmart was its focus on the operations section instead of promotion. Therefore, the company Wal-Mart by focusing on its supplier as well as delivery systems, companywide computer system, restocking policy for the products sold, cost control, opening of its branches in the urban areas and various others was able to beat its competitors like Kmart (Chekwa, Martin and Wells 2014). It is to be noted that there were primary four sources for the competitive advantage of Wal-Mart over its rivals like Kmart and others- its distribution capabilities, everyday low-cost products (EDLP), its workforce culture and finally its use of the latest innovations and technologies for the handling of its stores and data (Chekwa, Martin and Wells 2014). It is to be noted that all these four factors contributed equally towards the growth as well as the development of the company. The Buy it low, stack it high, sell it cheap policy of Walton worked really well for Wal-Mart and contributed greatly towards the overall growth as well as the development of the company (Annual Reviews 2018). However, there were many potential threats which the company faced in the 1990s. The primary threat which the company faced was obviously from its rivals like Kmart, Target Cooperation and others which were threatening to break the monopoly gained by Wal-Mart, which was in a precarious position especially after the death of Sam Walton, the founder as well as the primary reason behind the rise of the company as the major retail company not only of the United States of America but of the entire world (Annual Reviews 2018). The rise of the Big Box Phenomenon posed a serious threat to the company (Annual Reviews 2018). Another major Setback to the company was its average performance in the countries of Mexico, China and various other countries (Barney 2012). Another threat which th e company faced in the 1990s were the various reports which alleged that the company was hiring underage children to work in their retail stores as workers at a relatively .lower salary (Annual Reviews 2018). The company also had to face some labor disputes not only in far way countries like China, Mexico and others but in the United States of America as well. It is at this point of time that the efficient supplier and delivery system of China started to show signs of weaknesses. It is to be noted that at this point of time several of the companys women employees complained that the company had violated the stipulations of the 1964 Civil Rights Act according to which discrimination on the basis of gender related to job promotion, salary, placement and others is a punishable offense (Annual Reviews 2018). These in short were some of the potential threats which the company Wal-Mart faced in the 1990s. Kmart Corporation, started in the year 1962, is a Big Box department store chain which is headquartered in the United States of America (Kmart.com. 2018). The companies operates in most of the famous countries in world and back in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s it was considered to be a serious rival to Wal-Mart. It is to be noted that for the year 1987 the annual sale for Wal-Mart was $15.96 billion whereas the annual sale for Kmart was $25.63 billion (Kmart.com. 2018). However, the company soon lost its track because of its ineffective strategies, the monopolisation of the market by Wal-Mart and various other factors. The company Kmart Corporation can imitate the strategies followed by the company Wal-Mart. However, it is to be noted that the major reason behind the success achieved by the company Wal-Mart was the effective as well as efficient leadership provided by its founder, Sam Walton. He sought to speed up the growth through his cheerleading style of management and visite d almost all his retail stores on a regular basis in a bid to ensure that the policies as well as strategies innovated by him are effectively and efficiently applied at all his retail stores. It is to be noted that the company Kmart lacks such a leader who could lead the company from the front. Target Corporation, found by George Dayton, is the 2nd largest retail discount store in the United States of America, the 1st largest being Wal-Mart (Target.com. 2018). The company came into existence in the year 1902 however it had to wait till 1962 to open its first store in Roseville, Minnesota (Target.com. 2018). The company presently owns around 1,834 stores in the United States of America as well as in the diverse parts of the world in total (Target.com. 2018). The company focuses on "the needs of its younger, image-conscious shoppers" in direct contradiction to the company Wal-Mart which follows the policy of always low prices (Target.com. 2018). The company Target Corporation stands at the 449th position in terms of the largest companies on the basis of the annual revenues generated by them whereas on the same list Wal-Mart stands at the 17th position (Forbes.com. 2018). Some of the financial statistics of the company Target Corporation are listed below It is to be noted that both the companies Wal-Mart and Target Corporation belong to the retail sector and provide more or less the same kind of services to the people. However, the company Wal-Mart has a serious edge over Target Corporation not only in terms of the revenue generated by it on an annual basis but in the kind of strategies which they follow and also in the process of globalization followed by them. It is to be noted that the Canadian expansion of the company Target Corporation was a complete failure and the company ended up losing more than $2.1 billion (Target.com. 2018). Therefore, it can be said that although the company Target Corporation is the 2nd largest retail company of the United States of America it cannot be considered to be a serious rival of Wal-Mart. The company Amazon.com, Inc. or more simply Amazon, founded by Jeff Bezos in the year 1994, is an American based company which specializes in the sphere of electronic commerce as well as cloud computing (Amazon Inc. 2018). The company operates in almost all the nations of the world and is the 4th most valuable public company in the world at the moment (Forbes.com. 2018). Amazon is also the largest internet company in the world in terms of revenue and the eight largest employer in the United States of America (Forbes.com. 2018). Some of the financial details of the company are listed below- The company Amazon though having a lower annual revenue generation than Wal-Mart is a serious competitor to it. It is interesting to note that in the year 2017, the company Whole Foods Market was purchased by Amazon (Amazon Inc. 2018). This purchase of the retail company is seen as a direct challenge to the company Wal-Mart. It is to be noted that the company provides online commerce facilities wherein they can get anything delivered at their door steps without having manually to go to the retail stores and the prices which the company charges its customers on par with the ones which the customers need to pay at the retail stores and sometimes even lesser than that (Amazon Inc. 2018). They also provide regular discounted sales to the customers wherein they can buy all kind of products of which ever brand they want. It is true that the company Wal-Mart did revolutionize the retail industry through its use of latest technologies as well as innovations back in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s (Fernie and Sparks 2014). However, since then the company has not much upgraded the technologies used by it. Moreover, the people these days prefer to take the help of the electronic commerce and it is precisely here that Amazon scores more than Wal-Mart as it offers better electronic commerce options to the people. It is to be noted that the present world of technological advancement and innovations make it mandatory for all major business organizations as well as companies to develop effective business strategies for the promotion of the goods as well as services offered by them (Writers 2018). It is often seen that an effective digital market strategy helps in the overall growth as well as the business organization or company concerned. For example, the company Amazon follows a rigorous digital marketing strategy which helps to boost its electronic commerce which it offers to the customers. In synchronization with this particular view the company Wal-Mart should also develop an effective digital strategy in order to regain the monopoly which it once used to enjoy. The company first of all should do an extensive amount of promotion on the various social media channels and other digital platform about the range of services which it offers. Another thing which the company can do is to develop th eir own mobile phone app just the way other major electronic commerce companies use like Amazon, e-bay and others. The company should launch various youth and other social media campaigns which will increase its popularity among the youths. The company can also enhance its reputation by doing collaborative works with the various social events and award show organizers which will create a positive brand image of the company. It is interesting to note that a recent article reveals that the annual sales of Wal-Mart is expected to grow by 40% because of the new digital strategy implemented by them (Writers 2018). Ramesh Patel at Aragon Entertainment Limited The protagonist of this case study, Ramesh is obviously very unhappy with the not-so prompt behavior of Gibson. He needs to make him understand the value that Days of Knights holds not only for the company Aragon Entertainment Limited but for them as well as the newly elected members of the NHB (Mayo 2018). He needs to deliver a clear message to his friend that although he has more urgent or pressing tasks to complete but the Days of Knights is more important not only from the companys perspective but also from their own personal one as well. It is noted that even after making him understand the behavior of Gibson does not improves then Ramesh needs to report the behavior of Gibson to the other members of the NHB. Danielle Marcoux is the web designer at AdNet2Win Technologies which was initially designed by Charles Davide (Mayo 2018). In the recent time, the company is facing some problems due to the rise of the smart phones. However, when Marcoux tries to bring the issues of the designs and also to make innovations in the design in the team meetings, Charles changes the topic to some other irrelevant things (Mayo 2018). Therefore, Marcoux clearly needs to tell Davide that the entire team needs to discuss the issue which they are facing in the designing part and more specifically Davide. Davide is probably trying to leave in the image of the past however, Marcoux needs to give him a reality check and confront him with the problems with they are facing. Mary Griffin at Derby Foods In this particular case study Mary needs to deliver a message to Simon York, the brand manager of the company, Derby Foods. It is noted that York noted an aberration in the labeling of a product and went down to the manufacturing floor to vent out his anger (Mayo 2018). However, this behavior is very much resented by Shelburne, the director of production (Mayo 2018). Mary needs to make York understand that although he wishes the very best for the company yet he cannot interfere in the work of other departments. If he has noticed some kind of aberration he should convey it to Shelburne who would then handle the issue in his own manner. This kind of behavior is only going to weaken the unity of the management team. In this particular case study, Michael Lester in a very stiff situation as needs to make a presentation but has not been provided with adequate amount of information for the same by his colleague Nadine Roberts, who keeps on derailing it and on top of that his boss Karissa Gaffner is put pressure on him to deliver results (Mayo 2018). In this situation, he needs to have a one-on-one conversation with Roberts and tell her the issue which he is facing and clearly mention the importance of the information which she is delaying in providing and the stiff situation which it is causing. He also needs to convey clearly and completely all the activities of Roberts to his Gaffner. References Amazon Inc. 2018.Amazon Inc. [online] Available at: https://aws.amazon.com/free/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2018]. Annual Reviews 2018.Annual Reviews. [online] Available at: https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-115947 [Accessed 10 Mar. 2018]. Barney, J.B., 2012. Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resource?based theory.Journal of supply chain management,48(2), pp.3-6. Chekwa, E., Martin, J. and Wells, K., 2014. Riding on the waves of sustained competitive advantage: consumers perspectives on Walmart Corporation.International Journal of the Academic Business World,8(2), pp.13-25. Fernie, J. and Sparks, L., 2014.Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan page publishers. Forbes.com. 2018.Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/companies/target/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2018]. Forbes.com. 2018.Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/companies/wal-mart-stores/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2018]. Forbes.com. 2018.Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/companies/amazon/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2018]. Kmart.com. 2018.Kmart.com. [online] Available at: https://www.kmart.com/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2018]. Mayo, A. 2018.Damielle Marcoux at AdNet2Win Technologies. Harvard Business School, pp.1-2. Mayo, A. 2018.Mary Griffin at Derby Foods. Harvard Business School, pp.1-2. Mayo, A. 2018.Michael Lester at Lachlan Consulting. Harvard Business School, pp.1-2. Mayo, A. 2018.Ramesh Patel at Aragon Entertainment Limited. Harvard Business School, pp.1-2. Target.com. 2018.Target : Expect More. Pay Less.. [online] Available at: https://www.target.com/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2018]. Varley, R. and Rafiq, M., 2014.Principles of retailing. Palgrave macmillan. Walmart.com. 2018.Walmart.com. [online] Available at: https://www.walmart.com/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2018]. Writers, A. 2018.Walmart lays out its digital strategy against Amazon. [online] Sarasota Herald. Available at: https://www.heraldtribune.com/news/20171010/walmart-lays-out-its-digital-strategy-against-amazon [Accessed 10 Mar. 2018].